Anthropogenic global warming is beyond dispute today and the overwhelming majority of scientists back it. There are several ways of addressing it and both carbon taxes and various deductions/subsidies for climate neutral energy sources should be (and are!) used.
I will say this topic is more contentious than a lot of people lead on, and I mean it as a scientific topic purely.
Contentious in what way?
This difficulty with this subject is that we've seen, at least in free market societies, that as taxes go up returns decrease after a certain point. The simple reason for this is that the rich and middle class are more likely to use loopholes and right offs in extreme ways while the poor are less likely to work (as seen with correlations between taxes, returns, and unemployment).
I can't tell you what the proper percentage is nor the structure but I know that merely raising taxes on the rich or whoever does not meet the desired goal - at least historically it doesn't-.
A better question is "How do we optimize returns from taxes" given that's the desired result.
I completely agree that we should focus on optimizing tax returns instead of simply hiking taxes, but as it stands I believe we're far below the Laffer tipping point and that the rich will use the loopholes available to them regardless.