"Belowfollowsanaccountfromanon-governmentalorganizationoftheir observationsofresidentialinstitutionsduringthesummerof1990;with fewvariationstheseobservationsaretypicalofalltheinstitutionsatthe timeofCeau¸sescu’sdeath. Childrenaged0–4yearswerekeptin‘childhomes’.Theirfamilies hadfacedseverepoverty,unemployment,andfamineandabandonedthesechildrenatbirth.The167childreninthisinstitution weremostlykeptintheirbeds,almostwithoutcare,inadequately fed,severelyunderweightandwithstuntedgrowth.Hygienicconditionswereabominable:thechildrenlyingintheirownurineand excrement.Thesmellwasunbearable.Thefacilitieshadnotbeen repairedforseveralyears,sotheroofswereleaky,sewersandelectricity weremalfunctioning.Becauseofthelackofpersonnel(one‘helper’ for40–50children),therewasnotimeforhumancontact;children wereleftwithseveresensoryandemotionaldeprivation,manywere intimidatedandbeaten. Thechildrenwerefedwithbigbottlescontainingwaterandmilk powder;nootherfoodwasavailable.Becauseofmalnutrition,they lookedlike‘sacksofbone’.Someofthebiggerchildrenwhowereless affectedcouldeatbythemselvesinadiningroom.Theirfoodwas somesoupwiththeappearanceof‘pigfood’.Manychildrenwere onheavydosesofsedatives(to‘protectthem’).Duringthe1980s, medicalexperimentshadbeencarriedoutonmanyofthesechildren.Theyhadbeen‘treatedwithmicro-transfusions’;andbecause uncheckedHIV-contaminatedbloodhadbeenusedseveralhundred childrendiedofAIDSinthe1990s. Theoutcomeofthis‘warehousing’–forthosewhosurvived–was inducedmentalretardationandbehaviourdisturbance.Therewere noactivities,notoys,notrainingorstimulationoftheinfantsand smallchildren.Thechildrenwere‘nameless’:theyhadnonameon thebed,oranyidentificationtags.Thereweresomerecords,butthey wereinsufficienttoidentifyanychildren.Mostchildrenwererocking backandforthintheirbeds,andsomewereself-aggressive.